Controlled treatment of a high velocity anisotropic aquifer model contaminated by hexachlorocyclohexanes
نویسندگان
چکیده
Abstract Xanthan gels were assessed to control the reductive dechlorination of hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) and trichlorobenzenes (TCBs) in a strong permeability contrast high velocity sedimentary aquifer. An alkaline degradation was selected because low cost NaOH Ca(OH)2. The rheology xanthan their ability deliver alkalinity homogeneously, while maintaining latter, studied. Whereas behaved like non-Newtonian shear-thinning fluids, Ca(OH)2 microparticles had detrimental effects, yet, latter decreased with shear-rate. Breakthrough curves for solutions, carried out lowest soil (9.9 ?m2), demonstrated excellent transmission alkalinity, moderate pressure gradients applied. Injection velocities ranging from 1.8 3.8 m h?1 are anticipated field, given range 9.9 848.7 ?m2. Despite 8.7 an anisotropic aquifer model, both spread only 5- 7-times faster higher zone, demonstrating that delivery enhanced. Moreover, which injected into layer under lateral water flow, showed persistent blocking effect longevity (timescale weeks), solution absence xanthan. Kinetics on historically contaminated soil, using suspension solution, HCHs converted TCBs by dehydrodechlorination, whereas then degraded hydrogenolysis. Degradation kinetics achieved within 30 h major most reactive fraction HCHs.
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Environmental Pollution
سال: 2021
ISSN: ['1873-6424', '0269-7491']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115678